Essay about Operations Management Tata Motors - 5379 Words

BSM311-Operations Management Submission 7th January 2013 Arif Tigadi 1109988 Operations Management Strategy of Tata Motors Word count : 5051 1 BSM311-Operations Management Submission 7th January 2013 Arif Tigadi 1109988 Executive summary: This report discusses the Operation management of India’s leading and the largest automobile manufacturer â€Å"Tata Motors†. In today’s business environment Operations management plays an important role in deciding the success of the company .Operations management uses the input resources to produce output to fulfil the market requirement. This report discusses the operation strategy adopted by Tata motors used in the manufacturing of its vehicles in India and its strong value chain†¦show more content†¦Among them is Jaguar Land Rover, a business comprising two iconic British brands that was acquired in 2008.Tata Motors started exporting vehicles since 1961 and since then it has been expanding its footprints internationally. Tata Motors is marketing its passenger and commercial vehicles in several countries in South Asia, South America, Europe, CIS, Middle East, and Africa. It has its operations in Senegal, Bangladesh and Ukraine thro ugh franchise and joint ventures. (http://tatamotors.com/know-us/company-profile.php). The success of Tata Motors over the last 67 years is its ability to understand its customer needs and transform them into customer desired products through their excellent RD. Tata Motors established its Engineering Research centre in 1966 and employs around 5000 engineers and scientist who has enabled pioneering technologies and products. It has RD centres in India, UK, Spain and South Korea. Tata Motors has developed India’s first indigenous sports utility vehicle, light commercial vehicle and first fully Indigenous passenger car. (http://tatamotors.com/know-us/companyprofile.php) Tata Motors first fully indigenous passenger car â€Å"Tata Indica† became India’s largest selling car in its segment soon within two years of its launch. In 2005, Tata Motors created a new segment of mini truck by launching the Tata Ace which is Indias first indigenously developed mini-truck. Keep ing its pioneering tradition, Tata Motors entered a new era in IndianShow MoreRelatedTata Motors Increase in Its Global Footprint Essay580 Words   |  3 Pagescompanies, Tata Motors are part of the Tata Group a sprawling conglomerate with a presence across many industries. Chiquita Brands International Inc. is the global market leaders in producing, distributing, and marketer of bananas (Chiquita story). Chiquita’s global expansion came from acquiring existing businesses. Through subsidiaries and associate companies, Tata Motors increased its global footprint operations in the UK, South Korea, Thailand, Spain, South Africa and Indonesia (Tata Motors). Tata MotorsRead MoreTata Group : A Global Leader Player1716 Words   |  7 PagesJamsetiji Tata who holds nearly 100 companies with 300 subsidiaries in 40 businesses founded Tata Group. Ratan Tata who is handling all the main contracts and has been heavily investing to shape Tata Group into a global leader player. The groups comprise seven business segments specifically: engineering, materials, communications and information technology, services, energy, consumer products and chemicals. 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The Tata Motors firstly, realized that if it wants to grow then it cannot afford to keep its business connected solely to the fortunes of one country. Secondly, with the dismantling of import restrictions in the near future or it the rupee begins to gain ground then India mayRead MoreEssay on Case Study: Tata Motors Acquisition of Jlr1593 Words   |  7 Pages------------------------------------------------- CASE STUDY: Tata Motors Acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover in 2008 ------------------------------------------------- VenkitV Introduction India-based Tata Motors Ltd. successfully acquired two British automotive brands – Jaguar and Land Rover (JLR), in June 2008 from Ford Motors for $ 2.3B. As part of the deal, Tata Motors gained 100% stake in companies, 3 UK plants, 2 advanced design and engineering centers, 26 national sales companiesRead MorePestel1219 Words   |  5 PagesTATA MOTORS PESTEL ANALYSIS Tata Motors Limited is an automotive vehicle manufacturing company based in India. 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Further establishment chain would not be difficult because the decision making could be handled by the Latin America base which is current operation of Brazil and Chile (Fleury and Fleury, 2011). The diversification of the product could be done on the basis of the market requirement of Argentina. Tata motors are in a heavy commercial vehicle whichRead MorePe st Analysis of Tata Motors776 Words   |  4 PagesPEST ANALYSIS OF TATA MOTORS PEST ANALYSIS POLITICAL Since Tata Motors operates in multiple countries across Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Australia, it needs to pay close attention to the political climate but also laws and regulations in all the countries it operates in while also paying attention to regional governing bodies. Laws governing commerce, trade, growth, and investment are dependent on the local government as well as how successful local markets and economies

Communication A Relationship With Someone - 1313 Words

Throughout our live we as humans develop relationship with other individuals that are important to us. This relationship can be either friendship relationship or they can be more romantic relationship. There are many aspect that comes into play when it comes in developing a relationship with someone. Communication play a special role it helps a relationship to survive, in an article written by Better Health it states that â€Å"Communication is important in relationships as it allows us to share interests, aspirations and concerns, to support each other, to organise our lives and make decisions, and to work together in caring for children† and it also a key component in why relationship work. If we do not communicate well in our relationship it can lead us to terminating that relationship all together. Personal I am experiencing and have experienced how important communication is any sort of relationship that you have with other. I am currently in a relationship that been going on for 5 months. Since the relationship is fairly new are still trying to develop it into a stronger relationship. Before we get into talking about my personal relationship, lets talk about Knapp’s relationship Model and how it applies to building and developing a relationship. The model shows us the factors that make a relationship grow and also what factor makes a relationship end. In his coming together stage it start out with initiation, in this stage it all making the first impression on aShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Social Media On Our Lives1608 Words   |  7 PagesSince the very beginning, face-to-face communication has been an important factor in our lives. This was the only source of communication for a long period of time. Over time, we developed new ways of communicating with each other such as emailing and talking on the phone. Human beings have become so reliant on the use of electronic devices to communicate. Although this is a good way to keep in touch with friends, it can become a serious problem to many individuals. The growth of social media sitesRead MoreHow Relat ionships Is Effective Communication?883 Words   |  4 PagesRelationships involve effective communication to keep going. Otherwise, the relationship slowly dies or is forgotten. Although, not just any sort of communication keeps a relationship from fading. It must be effectively done. Different components go into effective communication. First, the conversations must be initiated somehow through a channel or method of communicating. Next, the conversations should be transactional or each person is communicating with one another through speaking and listeningRead MoreCharacteristics Of Interpersonal Communication746 Words   |  3 Pagesinterpersonal communication and impersonal communication, chapter one also discusses characteristics of a competent communicator. 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But if communication is really key why do people choose to hide away the key and keep their door locked? Every relationship has it up and downs. There is no couple who can say that their relationship is perfect, everyone runs into a few bumps in the road. It seems like they only want sunshine and rainbows in a relationshipRead MoreRelationship Between Romantic Coupl es And The Middle East947 Words   |  4 Pagescomplicated relationships in the world and some are too complex for saying if they are â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad.† America’s relationships with some foreign countries, like China or the countries of the Middle East, are examples of these complex relationships. There are individuals that also have complex relationships with other individuals and there are extremely simple relationships. No matter how complex or basic the relationship, all successful relationships have one thing in common: good communication. Lack

Old People Free Essays

Michael Bagen SPE 101 Speech 12/14/10 Outline I. Attention getter: Going to Wedding, old man hits car i. Credibility: Real life situations with older drivers, Dad is an EMT and talks to me about calls all the time ii. We will write a custom essay sample on Old People or any similar topic only for you Order Now Topics: The facts of old drivers, real-life stories, solutions iii. Thesis: I want a federal law to be passed that forces any driver the age of 65 and older to be retested every 3 years to not only save their lives, but others around them. II. Statistics: i. In next 20 years, the number of elderly drivers triple in amount according to Smart Motorist . Older drivers more conservative when driving rarely changing there habits because of factors such as busy highways or nighttime where as other drivers may go another route b. More accidents than kids, mostly at intersections c. At the age of 65 there is a much greater risk for a driver to be engaged in a vehicle accident 1. At the age of 75 that risk increases from just a crash to an accident involving a fatality because of there higher risk of bad eyes or slower reaction time ii. Troubles with Age a. Bad at making turns b. Slower response rates and reaction times to a drastic change c. Studies show that most accidents involving the elderly are caused at intersections there also multi-vehicle accidents iii. In Japan (2006) a. 20. 8 percent over age 65 b. 13. 1 percent licensed drivers iv. Between 75-84 years old a. Rate of 3 deaths per 100 million miles 1. Over age of 85, chances increase nearly four times v. By 2030 a. Predictions for over age 65 1. Responsible for over 25% of fatal crashes vi. Database, Accidents Analysis Prevention – July 2010 a. tested 10 teenagers and 10 senior citizens . used pedestrians to test stopping skills 1. 1. 8% slower in front stopping 2. 2. 8% slower on right side 3. 2. 1% slower for left side vii. One of the problems no one wants to fight this is because Seniors are one of the biggest group of voters every election a. Take away there licenses they can’t drive to the polls b. Take away there licenses even if they could drive they probably won’t vote for you III. Real Stories: i. Elizabeth Grimes a. 90 years old b. Drove through a red light at an intersection and hit one car and then smashed into 17 year old Katie Bolka 1. A classmates mom heard the crash from a couple cars back and ran out to see if anyone needed help, she recognized the school uniform from her kids and she called to school to let them know 2. On this day Katie left early because she wanted to get to school early for some last minute cramming since she had exams that day an had spent the previous weekend studying. a. If she left at her normal time instead of leaving early her 14-year-old sister would have been in the car with her then they both might not be here today. b. 5. 5 days later, she died, she never regained consciousness c. Of the other four people in the accident including Elizabeth they all survived with minor injuries. ii. George Russell Weller (2003, Santa Monica CA) a. Age 86, Weller suffered from arthritis, nausea as a side effect of medication, and reduced mobility from a hip replacement. b. George hit the back end of a Mercedes and after doing this he began to accelerate around a corner 1. He went through a road closed sign signifying that there was a farmers market going on and then proceeded to drive at around speeds of 40-60mph for about 1,000ft The only reason his car finally stopped was from bodies being under it. 2. Killed 10 people . Injured over 70 people in his Buick 1. Mistook the accelerator for the break 3. Too old to go to jail – charged for manslaughter a. Fined $101,700. b. Five years of felony probation. 4. Aftermath: a. As of May 22, 2008 the City of San Fransisco has paid out over $21 million to settle dozens of civil suits from the families b. The man that caused all th is grief and devistation is confined to his house for the rest of his life receiving 24 hour nursing care 5. Scary part besides the obvious a. His DMV record was almost spotless, besides one accident that occurred almost 10 years prior b. The accidents were almost identical to. While he didn’t cause any harm that time the fashion of crash was almost the same with his car driving off the road for no reason and then him getting out looking dazed and confused. iii. Elizabeth Baldick a. Age 84 b. Drove her car though a Sears from entrance 1. Completely mauling over a register counter including the employee behind it 2. The only thing that stopped her car was a cement support beam in the store 3. If it wasn’t for that she may not have stopped for a while a. Even after the crash had happened her foot was still pressing down on the gas and you could hear the tires still trying to move 4. The only reason she could give for all this happening was because she was currently on some medication IV. Some Solutions: i. Federal Law Passed. a. Every 3 years get re-tested 1. Check eyes and reactions ii. Doctors should work closer with the DMV a. By having doctors work closer we can get people off the road that shouldn’t be driving b. If someone comes in with a seizure, eye problem anything that could impair there driving abilities the doctor should take it upon themselves to let the DMV know c. Or a doctor giving out medication that has side effects that could do the same the DMV should know about these things . On a personal note my cousin lives in California and is currently going through some medical problems, while he was driving a couple months ago he had a seizure. He had no history of seizures or anything of the sort but after going to the doctor he was not allowed to drive for the next couple months while he was under observation so it wouldn’t happen agai n 2. Before he was allowed to drive again he had to get written consent to provide to the DMV from his doctor saying he is allowed to drive again. 3. My cousin is in his mid 40’s, why aren’t we doing this to people that are twice his age and are still driving? ii. Increase profit a. Government will make more money with retests 1. Lower down the debt iv. States that passed this law a. 23 states require periodical visits to DMV b. Only 16 of those states require visual tests v. More precise tests a. Make the eye exams for any situation 1. Florida has enacted a new more strict eye exam for the elderly (80 and over) 2. Because of it 20% of the over 80 crowd don’t even go to try and renew because they don’t think they’ll pass. b. Make sure the medication won’t interfere c. Make it harder than the normal driving test vi. Urge your elderly family members to go and get checked out again, or tell them the next time they need to go somewhere to call you and you’ll take them. V. Conclusion: i. Everyone get in accidents, but with age the increase just keeps getting higher and higher ii. Pass a Federal Law to try and stop this easily avoidable problem from happening a. If Seniors want to drive that bad then they will have to follow the rules for doing so iii. Everyday a Senior citizen takes a chance while driving, who knows who could be next to fall victim to it. Works Cited: Davis, R. , Debarros, A. (2007, May 2). Older, dangerous drivers a growing problem. Editorial]. USA Today, p. 1. Retrieved November 02, 2010 from the World Wide Web: http://www. usatoday. com/ news/ nation/ 2007-05-02-older-drivers-usat1a_n. htm. Press, A. (2007). Older Drivers, Elderly Driving, Seniors At The Wheel. Retrieved November 07, 2010 from Non-Profit Organization, Smart Motorist: http://www. smartmotorist. com/ traffi c-and-safety-guideline/ older-drivers-elderly-driving-seniors-at-the-wheel. html. White, M. (2006). Senior Driving. Retrieved November 07, 2010 from Non-profit organization, Helpguide. org: http://www. helpguide. org/ elder/ senior_citizen_driving. htm. How to cite Old People, Papers

Extensive and Intensive Margins of Trade †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Extensive and Intensive Margins of Trade. Answer: Introduction Trade protectionism refers to the situation whereby policies are enacted to limit competition that is unfair from overseas countries. Nonetheless, it is a defensive measure which is politically motivated (Baldwin, and Richard 97). Within the short period, it is considered to be effective but as obvious, it is very destructive in the long-run. It is viewed to make the industries of a country less competitive management. The United States is considered the second most significant export economy in the entire world. According to Economic Complexity Index (ECI), it is regarded as the eighth most complex economy, with an ECI of 1.39. According to 2016 statistics, the country exported $1.42T and had an import of $2.21T. The United States deals with many exports, with the primary commodities unspecified, refined petroleum, motor vehicles, vehicle spare parts, and integrated circuits (Cooper, and William 425). The main imports of the country are cars, crude oil, computer accessories, packaged medicaments, and unspecified (Kerner, Andrew, and Jane Lawrence 110). The leading destination for its exports is Canada, Mexico, China, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Its imports mainly come from China, Mexico, Canada, Japan, and Germany. The president of the United States of North America, Donald Trump, has had impacted dramatically on protectionism and free trade since he took power. He has made decisions and threats by canceling bilateral and multilateral trade agreements to favor a protectionist business; First, he vowed that he would tag China as a currency manipulator (using monetary policy to make exports of a country to be more desirable to overseas buyers) and would thus impose obligations on goods that are made in China, and would bring World Trade Organization cases against China as a result of unjust subsidies. Second, Trump has been committed to withdrawing from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which has helped govern trade and security for twenty-three years (Gries, Thomas, and Margarete Redlin 206). His threat is based on the fact that he wants the other nations to be willing to negotiate on the terms that he wants. This is considered as a bargaining ploy by many trade negotiators. Third, the president hinted on withdrawing from the U.S.-South Korean Free Trade Agreement (KORUS). He argued that the deal was an unequal whereby Washington has a trade deficit of up to $28B with Seoul (Dutt, Pushan, Ilian Mihov, and Timothy Van Zandt 212). The aim is to change the agreement to lower the trade deficit of Washington with the fourth-largest economy in Asia. Fourth, Trump is focused on filing cases against China and any other country that he deems not playing relatively, in the World Trade Organization (WTO) courts. This will result in a rise in the number cases in the court. However, the president is also focused on appointing a national trade prosecutor, giving a blind eye to the team already in place. In his inaugural speech, Trump gave a clear indication that his administration would be purely protectionist (Petri, Peter Michael Plummer, and Fan Zhai 98). The leader has already withdrawn from Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement which involves eleven other countries. A threat has come from him to the American firms that are situated outside the United States, investing in punitive taxes and tariffs management. A wall is in place to build along the Mexican border and vowed to impose heavy taxes on the exports from Mexico to pay for the construction of the wall. His slogan as a protectionist on trade is American First and Buy American, Hire America. The current situation is the ability of the United States to trigger trade war in the world. At present, the United States is experiencing a trade deficit which is much higher than that of 2013. However, it is experiencing growth in its imports, which is a good sign according to trade analysts as it has helped promote the growth of businesses and job opportunities (Constantinescu, Cristina, Aaditya Mattoo, and Michele Ruta 16). The consumer products, not forgetting the automobiles are the core drivers who have led to the high trade deficit. The petroleum imports, for example, crude oil, natural gas, and all the other petroleum-based products are falling (Petri, Peter, and Michael Plummer 96). The main reason behind the fall is due to the growth of the shale oil fields whose development has led to an oversupply of the products. The trade deficit does hurt the economy of the United States because the economy is being financed with debts. According to economists, there is less sense resulting from the bilateral trade deficit that is being advocated in by Mr. Trump. This is because in a global economy that is integrated, what is of importance is the size and maintenance of the current account balances globally, and this relies mostly on the domestic expenditure rather than policies on currency or even trade. The purchase of goods by the United States from overseas for a prolonged period has caused the nation to lose its competitiveness (Villarreal, Angeles 130). Due to this, the nation lacks the expertise and the industries required to manufacture this product. As a result, the United States has outsourced more jobs, and the standard of living has gone down. Regardless of the United States reaching almost full employment, the current leadership focuses on taking job opportunities back to the American people, mostly jobs relating to manufacturing (Handley, Kyle, and Nuno Limo 78). The proposed development in infrastructure and cutting down on taxes will, however, lead to an increment in the demand for labor and goods. Here, the focus is mainly on trade deficit which the United States is in a position to sustain the debt with the shale oil and gas. Protectionism of the United States on trade is due to the view of business not being a win-win situation. Preferably, the enormous deficit is seen as other trade partners to the US are taking advantage of the United States (Williams and Brock 96). If enacted fully, the considerable barriers to trade will have a substantial effect on the firms that operate as international producers such as the automobile companies which need to import and export their products management. With the protection ideas from the leadership, the trade team has an intention of driving a hard bargain with nations which run huge trade surpluses with the US (Antrs, Pol, and Robert Staiger 3173). A few things advocated by the US as a bargain include; China would be forced to lower its tariffs on MFN, asked to leave its developing country status in the World Trade Organization, promote its consumption domestically by expediting its reforms, and enhance its efforts that would see that they conserve intellectual property; Germany would be asked to strengthen the spending by the government which is inclusive of defense spending, and additionally raise the wages; Japan should as well increase its spending on defense, avail more of the government procurements to the firms based in the US, and lower its protection on agriculture. With this trends in the current situation, the interest rates of the United States are expected to rise sharply and at a speedy rate, which would result in deviation of the capital flow towards the US (Baldwin, Richard, and Dany Jaimovich 13). With the enactment of Border Adjustment Tax, countries which have debts mainly being dominated by the US dollar will be affected a lot. In such a situation, many states will turn on bilateral trade and trade at the regional level due to trade frictions. Effects of Short-term of Protectionism Policies Protectionism policies are adopted by countries to protect the domestic industries from international competitors by imposing regulations on trading of products. Within the short-term, the polices act as a protective measure to the United States in the following ways; If the country has an intention of developing in a new industry, protectionist policies in such a situation help protect the new upcoming sector from similar industries that are established by competitors (Hufbauer, Gary Clyde, and Jared Woollacott 64). This, as a result, would give the new industry to study and develop a competitive advantage over the competitors. Additionally, the protectionism measures would help lower the ratio of joblessness in the country. This is because local companies are restricted by tariffs, quotas, and other regulations that constrain them to hire local employees. Protectionism is also meant to prevent dumping. This is a situation where a product is exported below the costs of production so as to access an unfair market share. It aims at dropping the prices of the goods below the prices that the same product would sell in the in the home country. The main objective of dumping is for the good to be in a position to increase its market share in the specific industry, so as to effectively create job opportunities for its citizens. Additionally, it focuses on putting the producers of a certain country out of business and take the position of being the leading industry in the same product. Effects of Long-term Protectionism Policies In the long-term, trade protection policies lead to industries weakening. Since there is no competition, firms that operate in the sector become less innovative, as there is no need. At last, the domestic product of the country decline in quality. As a result, the quality of the product diminishes and the product sold at higher prices than what overseas competitors would otherwise have produced. This constraint the consumer to spend much money on less quantity of goods and services that are not of good quality. The high rate of United States trade protectionism measures will slow down economic growth in the future. Closure of all the borders of the country would leave a large number of citizens jobless especially those who owe their jobs to exports. This is because the closure of the borders would lead to other countries do the same and lock out the United States such that exports to those countries from the U.S. would not be sufficient. Thus, layoffs of employees would be immense within the United States of North America. Due to the fact that the United States does little investing in education in high-tech, science, and engineering courses, it has adapted job outsourcing from other nations such as China. However, with the trade policies currently in place, the country is to face a significant setback as there would be inefficient skilled labor in the mentioned disciplines. In the long run, the policies would lead to trade wars. As the United States imposes controls on imports, this will lead to another retaliatory action by another country that leads in imports such as China to decrease its volume of the world trade (Blonigen, Bruce, and Lindsay Oldenski 9). This movement causes the prices of importing new technology from other developed nations to go up. The protectionism policies would cause an adverse multiplier effect in other countries. This is because when the United States imposes trade restrictions, let say on Korea; the outcome is reduced trade which will have an adverse multiplier effect which will influence many other countries since exports represent injections of demand in the global circular flow of income. The policies as well have a regressive outcome on the distribution of income. The high tariffs that result from the systems mostly hit the low-income earners the hardest. This is because the duties majorly fall on products such as foodstuffs and clothing, which the low-income families spend the most considerable share of their earnings. As a result, there is an imbalance in the distribution of income among the first class, the middle class, and low-income earners. Protectionism leads to distortion of the market and causes a decline in allocative efficiency. Thus, it can be considered as an expensive and an ineffective way to sustain jobs. An increase in the tariffs causes the prices of the consumers and leads to inefficient sectors being shielded from genuine competition. The high taxes discourage foreign producers, encouraging allocation of resources domestically and globally to be wasteful. The export subsidies depress access of market by the producers and the world prices. This, however, destroys investments, gains, and jobs opportunities among many developing and low-income earners, which to a large extent depend on the exportation of primary and manufactured goods for their development. Multilateral trade agreement involves three or more nations whose intentions are to regulate trade between the countries without prejudice. The negotiations are meant to enhance integration among the participating countries between the states being involved. The United States of Northern America has some multilateral agreements which include; North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is among the most significant free trade areas covering the United States, Mexico, and Canada. The agreement has led to reduced prices on groceries and oil in U.S. The cost of groceries and fuel is lower since the cost of importing the produce from Mexico and Canada have been cut down by NAFTA (David, David Dorn, and Gordon Hanson 2157). The political stability in the region and exclusion of tariffs makes the importation even cheaper, compared to importing from the Middle East. Despite the agreement enhancing import and export among the three countries, it is criticized for impacting negatively on half a million jobs in the United States. It also led to declining in the wages of US as well as boosting the trade deficit of the United States. Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a trade agreement between eleven countries bordering the pacific-ocean and the United States. The deal, like any other free trade agreement, removes tariffs on products and reciprocates trade quotas. Also, the agreement has helped remove non-tariff blocks which affect trade, and this is not common with the other trade agreements (Brandt, and Loren 160). TPP involves a large number of products and services, which include financial services, foodstuffs security standards, and telecommunication (Serrano, Ra and Vicente Pinilla 4207). It has helped boost imports and the growth of the economy, creating more job opportunities for the nations. Nonetheless, the agreement has contributed to income inequality in the countries with high wages and promotes goods that are at low prices from the low-wage nations. Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is a trade agreement between the United States and the European Union. Both create nearly a third of the continents Gross Domestic Product (Schwartz and Paul 45). The trade agreement has created job opportunities and enhanced economic growth in the two regions (Evenett, Simon, and Johannes Fritz 1321). The disadvantage of this trade agreement is that a large number of industries would suffer as a result of the increase in competition from Europe. This, as a result, would lead to fewer jobs for the American employees. The Central American-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) is an agreement between the United States and a number of few developing nations. The trade agreement has promoted stronger trade and the ties in investment, welfare, and stability along the Southern border of America and the region. Bilateral Trade Agreements The United States-Bahrain free trade agreement has generated opportunities for the United States to export its products, thus creating job opportunities for its citizens, mostly the farmers, and other workers. Farmers have primarily improved their agricultural exports to the US, whereby the tariffs are standardized (Villareal, and Ian Fergusson 652). The United States acts as the core oversight of the agreement. The agreement additionally promotes influences positively the policy of improving economic growth in the Middle East. The United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement has eliminated efficiently tariffs and opened up markets. The agreement has also reduced of trade between the two nations, provided copyright protection for intellectual property. It has as well efficiently eliminated discrimination in trade of digital products, enables the two countries to stipulate laws that retain competition and prohibiting unlawful business conduct (Kee, Hiau Looi, Cristina Neagu, and Alessandro Nicita 343). With the agreement, manufacturers and workers from the US have increased opportunities as their exports can access the Chilean market duty-free. The exports mainly include machinery, cars, aircraft, and mineral fuel. It has expanded the market for ranchers and farmers from the US. The farm produces benefits from the high demand created by the two nations. Finally, the Chilean service market is growing very fast, and the United States has the advantage of accessing these markets. This includes access to banks, insu rance companies, security organizations, not forgetting the professionalism sector. United States-Colombia Trade Agreement is an agreement which eliminates trade tariffs and barriers that restrict US services. It is aimed to expand the imports of the United States thus creating job opportunities. It involves disciplines that include the procurement of the government, property rights, and protection of the environment. The agricultural products are duty-free in Colombia. Furthermore, the agreement ensures that the United States organizations in Colombia are free from unlawful treatment and provides that there is a common ground to solve investment disputes whenever they arise. A section of the agreement ensures that the two nations adhere to labor rights. The United States-Israel Free Trade Agreement serves to expand trade between the US and Israel. It helps lower the barriers and enhances transparency in regulations. The focus of the agreement is on agricultural products and telecommunications accessing the market in both countries. Conclusion From the discussion, it is clear to see that trade protectionism to some extent (in the short-run) may have a positive impact (Staiger, and Robert 259). Nonetheless, in the long-run, it has adverse effects on the United States and the whole world. Protectionism will in the future cause an increase on trade frictions mainly among the United States and the big four countries that the US turns to have huge trade deficits (Aggarwal, Vinod, and Shujiro Urata 127). To ensure that free trade between nations remains useful, it will depend on how fast and the ability of the vast partners of the United States in the deal will be able to retaliate. However, the president of the United States has a large number of protection instruments which are legal at his disposal. All this will depend on the partners of the United States making sure that their voices are heard early enough, and if they stand tall that they will at no dispensation retaliate within the boundaries of law, in case their interes ts on trade are not considered. Works Cited Aggarwal, Vinod, and Shujiro Urata, eds.Bilateral trade agreements in the Asia-Pacific: Origins, evolution, and implications. Routledge, 2013. Antrs, Pol, and Robert W. Staiger. 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